Simple definition

A reference in physics is any book, journal article, research paper, website, or experiment record that provides reliable information used in studying or explaining a physics topic.

Why references are used in physics

• To prove accuracy of formulas, laws, or theories

• To acknowledge original scientists (e.g., Newton, Einstein)

• To support experiments and results

• To allow others to verify or repeat the work

Common types of references in physics

1. Textbooks

   • Example: Physics by Halliday, Resnick & Walker

2. Scientific journals

   • Example: Physical Review Letters, Nature Physics

3. Research papers

4. Lab manuals and experiment reports

5. Trusted educational websites

   • Example: NASA, CERN, university websites